Emkhakheni wezokwelapha zanamuhla, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni we-cardiology yokungenelela kanye ne-neurology, ama-stents namakhoyili adlala indima ebalulekile. Nokho, abantu abaningi bangase badideke ngokuthi yini ngempela ehlukanisa lezi zisetshenziswa zezokwelapha ezimbili. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizohlola izici ezihlukene, izinhlelo zokusebenza, nokuthi zisebenza kanjani ukuze sikusize uthole ukuqonda okucacile.
I-stent iyithuluzi elincane, elishubhu, elinjenge-mesh, ngokuvamile elenziwe ngama-alloys ensimbi njengensimbi engagqwali noma i-nickel-titanium (Nitinol). Idizayinelwe ukuthi ifakwe emithanjeni yegazi emincane noma evinjiwe, ipayipi, noma ezinye izakhiwo zamashubhu ngaphakathi komzimba.
Uma isiguli sinesifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, ngokwesibonelo, okubangela ukuba imithambo ibe mincane ngenxa yokwakheka koqweqwe oluqinile, i-stent ingasetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-angioplasty, i-catheter enebhaluni elincibilikile kanye ne-stent enamathiselwe ixhunywe emithanjeni yegazi ize ifike endaweni ethintekile. Uma selibekiwe, ibhaluni liyavuthwa, linwebe i-stent futhi lisunduze i-plaque ezindongeni ze-artery, ngaleyo ndlela landise i-lumen yomkhumbi wegazi. I-stent ibe isihlala endaweni unomphela, isebenza njenge-scaffold yokugcina umkhumbi uvulekile futhi uqinisekise ukugeleza kwegazi okufanele. Lokhu kusiza ekudambiseni izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba (angina) futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Ama-stents angakwazi futhi ukuqeda izidakamizwa, okusho ukuthi adedela imithi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze aqhubeke nokuvimbela i-restenosis, ukuncishiswa kabusha komkhumbi ngemva kokwelashwa kokuqala.
Amakhoyili, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayizakhiwo ezincane, ezinjengezintambo, ngokuvamile ezenziwe ngeplatinum noma ezinye izinto ezihambisana ne-biocompatible. Asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekwelapheni ama-aneurysms, okungamaqhuqhuva angavamile ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, atholakala kakhulu ebuchosheni.
Ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-endovascular embolization, i-catheter iqondiswa esikhwameni se-aneurysm. Khona-ke, amakhoyili amancane afakwa ngokucophelela nge-catheter futhi aphushwe ku-aneurysm. Lawa makhoyili aklanyelwe ukugcwalisa i-aneurysm cavity, okwenza igazi elingaphakathi lihlule. Ngokuvala igazi, i-aneurysm ihlukaniswa ngokuphumelelayo nokujikeleza okuvamile, ukunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka, okungase kubangele ukopha okusongela ukuphila.
Ngokungafani nama-stents, amakhoyili awanikezi ukusekelwa kwesakhiwo ukugcina umkhumbi uvulekile. Kunalokho, inhloso yabo ukuvala, noma ukuvimba, indawo ethile ukuze kuvinjwe imiphumela engase ibe yinhlekelele.
- Idizayini: Njengoba kushiwo, ama-stents ane-tubular futhi afana ne-mesh, ahlinzeka ngohlaka oluvulekile olubamba izindonga zomkhumbi ngokuhlukana. Amakhoyili, ngokuphambene, ayizimo zezintambo eziguquguqukayo ezihloselwe ukugcwalisa nokuvala isikhala esithile.
- Umsebenzi: Ama-Stents agxile ekugcineni i-patency, noma ukuvuleka, komkhumbi, okuvumela ukuqhubeka nokugeleza kwegazi. Amakhoyili asetshenziselwa ukumisa ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni eqondile, engavamile ukugwema isimo esiyingozi.
- Izindawo Zokufaka Isicelo: Ama-stents asetshenziswa kakhulu emithanjeni ye-coronary (inhliziyo), i-peripheral arteries (imilenze, izingalo), kanti kwezinye izimo emithanjeni ye-carotid (entanyeni). Amakhoyili asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni ama-aneurysms e-intracranial, nakuba angasetshenziswa futhi kokunye ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo ezimweni ezingavamile.
Uma wena noma othandekayo ebhekene nenqubo yezokwelapha engase ihlanganise i-stent noma ikhoyili, kubalulekile ukuba nengxoxo ejulile nodokotela wakho. Qonda ubungozi obungaba khona kanye nezinzuzo zenketho ngayinye. Kuma-stents, izingozi zingabandakanya i-restenosis, ukwakheka kwehlule legazi endaweni ye-stent, kanye nokungezwani okungaba khona kwe-stent material. Ngamakhoyili, kunethuba lokuthi i-aneurysm ingase ingavaleki ngokuphelele, okuholela ekuphindaphindeni, futhi inqubo ngokwayo ingaba nezingozi ezifana nokopha noma ukulimala kwezicubu ezizungezile.
Sengiphetha, nakuba kokubili ama-stents namakhoyili kuyizinto eziqanjiwe zezokwelapha ezisindise izimpilo eziningi, zenzelwe izinjongo ezihluke kakhulu. Ukwazi umehluko kunganika iziguli amandla okwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwazo kwezempilo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kumayelana nokugcina imithambo yenhliziyo igeleza ngokukhululekile noma ukuvikela ubuchopho ekusongelweni kwe-aneurysm ephukile, lezi zisetshenziswa zihamba phambili ekungeneleleni kwezokwelapha kwesimanje.
Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sisikhanyisele ngemfihlakalo ephakathi kwama-stents namakhoyili nokuthi uzokwabelana ngalolu lwazi nabanye abangaluthola luwusizo. Hlala ubukele ukuze uthole ukubheka okujulile kwezinye izihloko zezokwelapha ezithakazelisayo.
